By analyzing the capital structure of 50 textile & apparel listed companies on Shenzhen and Shanghai security markets in the past three years (2010 — 2012), the authors found that most of these companies operated in poor status due to low asset-liability ratio, low debt-financing level,high ratio of current liabilities to total liabilities and high inventory. The article analyzed the causes of these problems from the perspectives of development stage of China’s security markets,financing of enterprises and construction of independent brands, put forward relevant measures for optimizing capital structure and gave suggestions on how to maintain a favorable capital structure during the dynamic development of enterprise.