Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), as a new kind of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, has attracted great attention in the last decade. In this paper, the applications for these polymer nanocomposites were introduced and forecasted. The thermal properties of POSS-based polymer and related flame retardant were illuminated. The mechanism of increasing the flame retardant and thermal properties was also discussed. Additionally, the developing trends of POSS polymer nanocomposites in the future were discussed.