China is the largest chemical fiber producer in the world. The chemical fiber industry plays important part in the textile industry, as it offers nearly 2/3 of the textile fibers consumed by the textile industry. Therefore, the development of chemical fiber industry has direct influence on the overall development and competence of the textile industry. The “Guiding Principles for the Development of the Chemical Fiber Industry in the 11th Five-year Plan Period (2006-2010) recently released by the National Development and Reform Commission analyzed the current development status, existing problems and developing trend of the chemical fiber industry, established the guideline of changing the development mode from “quantity-based”to “technology- and benefit-based”, and set targets and tasks for the industry in the next five years.