The development of high-performance fiber, to a certain extent, reflects the science and technology competitive edge of a nation. To meet the growing market demand, high-performance fiber has been undergoing a booming period across the globe. Aside from further improving the existed processing technologies, bringing down production cost,upgrading product quality and carrying out systematic R&D, mills never ceased their exploration in enriching their product portfolios. This paper has introduced the characteristics and application of several types of high-performance fibers concluding with development suggestions for China’s domestic high-performance fiber industry.