Life technologies were placed the first place in China’s 12th Five-year Plan of seven emerging industries of strategic importance. For fiber industry, functional fibers, intelligent fibers and some high performance fibers have been widely used in medical field, among which, medical grade carbon fiber and its composite materials, hollow fiber separation membranes, nanofiber and its nonwovens, carbon nanotube, a series of intelligent fibers used in sensors, etc., have played an important role. This article introduced some main fiber materials used in medical field in detail, as well as their latest developments across the world, hoping to provide some valuable references for the relative industry at home.