Sodium periodate selective oxidized cotton fiber was treated with self-made keratin solution, and the modification process was studied. Compared with cotton fiber without oxidation, selective oxidation can significantly improve the binding capacity of cotton fiber and keratin under the same processing technology. Effects of different processing conditions on the weight gain rate and mechanical properties of oxidized cotton fiber was discussed.And the optimum process was determined. The mechanical properties of oxidized cotton fiber increased slightly after keratin treatment.