The article analyzed the current situation of dyeing and finishing industry in China with a scientificand development angle based on extensive data and cases. It pointed out that the ecological andenvironmental safety issue of the modern textile industry is a worldwide problem. Nowadays,China´s dyeing and finishing industry has made great achievements in energy efficiency andemission reduction and eco-security performance improvement of products, and additionally, is in the leading level on some respects all over the world. However, the contradictory and pressure stillexist between the increasing demands of market and development and the restriction of resourcesand environment. To get out of this predicament, the industry has to make transition and upgradeitself, strengthen the source-control and tightly manage the supply chains, and ultimately realizezero-using and zero-emission of hazardous substances in this industry.